Blechnum (hard fern) is a genus of between 150 and 220 species of ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution, in the family Blechnaceae in the eupolypods II clade of the order Polypodiales.[1] By far the greatest species diversity is in tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere, with only a few species reaching cool temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (notably B. penna-marina, south to Cape Horn, Chile, the southernmost fern in the world) and Northern Hemisphere (notably B. spicant, north to Iceland and northern Norway).
Most are herbaceous plants, but a few species (e.g. B. buchtienii and B. schomburgkii in Ecuador) are tree ferns with stems up to 3 m tall. Blechnum varies from most ferns in having a separation of sterile (photosynthetic) and fertile (reproductive) fronds in the same plant.
- Selected species
- Blechnum arcuatum
- Blechnum ambiguum (C.Presl) Kaulf. ex C.Chr.
- Blechnum blechnoides
- Blechnum brasiliense Desv.
- Blechnum buchtienii Rosenst.
- Blechnum cartilagineum Sw.
- Blechnum chambersii
- Blechnum chilense Kaulf.
- Blechnum cordatum (Desv.) Hieron. (syn. B. chilense)
- Blechnum cycadifolium (Colla) Sturm.
- Blechnum dendrophilum
- Blechnum discolor
- Blechnum durum
- Blechnum eburneum
- Blechnum filiforme
- Blechnum fluviatile
- Blechnum gibbum
- Blechnum indicum Burm.f.
- Blechnum lanceola Sw.
- Blechnum magellanicum
- Blechnum membranaceum (Col.) Mett.
- Blechnum minus
- Blechnum monomorphum
- Blechnum nigrum
- Blechnum nipponicum (Kunze) Makino
- Blechnum novae-zelandiae T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
- Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Mett. ex Luerss.
- Blechnum obtusatum (Labill.) Mett.
- Blechnum occidentale L.
- Blechnum orientale L.
- Blechnum patersonii
- Blechnum penna-marina (Poir.) Kuhn
- Blechnum petiolare
- Blechnum schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C.Chr.
- Blechnum serrulatum Rich.
- Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.
- Blechnum socialis
- Blechnum tabulare
- Blechnum vittatum Brack.
- Blechnum volubile Kaulf.
- Blechnum wattsii, Tindale Hard Water Fern
Circumscription[]
The circumscription of the genus has varied since it was established by Linnaeus in 1753. Some authors have put many of its species in a segregate genus Lomaria. DNA taxonomy indicates that the genus Doodia is embedded in Blechnum.
Cultivation and uses[]
Several species are grown as ornamental plants in gardens.
References[]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Blechnum
- Flora of North America: Blechnum
- Trees and shrubs in the Andes of Ecuador: Blechnum
- Flora of China: Blechnum species list
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.
- Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.
Template:BlechnumSpecies
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